The Technological Accessibility And Socioeconomic Mobility...

I remember travelling to the resort and marvelling at the engineering feat of the Cayo Santa Maria (CSM) causeway in Cuba. The design of the causeway functioned as a method of connecting small parchments of man-made land to the larger archipelagos. Despite the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in ‘08, the causeway remained portionately intact. During my visit in ‘11, however, the causeway was noted for its damages bridges still in need of further repair1. The causeway itself (for the most part) is unlit. Due to (prior) partisan economic sanctions against Cuba, the CSM is a main artery for tourist flow being the major route to the resort(s). The main archipelago sponsors twelve hotels, the first built in ‘01, is quite incredible, considering the limitations placed on the technological accessibility and socioeconomic mobility of Cuban workers. While traversing on the CSM causeway, I distinctly thought of the abundance of people travelling Cuba’s main highway bef orehand. I had asked the guide, (foolishly,) ‘Where are they going?’ -- ’To work’. It was considered a privilege, I learned, to be able to work on the archipelagos—at least you wouldn’t have to walk to work2. A walk that took the workers half of their day. The CSM causeway is very narrow, a two-lane 48 km stretch, I was curious to how the resort workers (unable to walk the causeway) made it to work. Transportation being expensive, not primarily vehicle ownership but public transportation, again, how do they commute? DidShow MoreRelatedThe Technological Accessibility And Socioeconomic Mobility Of Cuban Workers947 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidering the limitations placed on the technological accessibility and socioeconomic mobility of Cuban workers. While traversing on the CSM causeway, I distinctly thought of the abundance of people travelling Cuba’s main highway earlier. I had asked the guide, (foolishly,) ‘Where are they going?â €™ -- ’To work’. It was considered a privilege, I learned, to be able to work on the archipelagos—at least you wouldn’t have to walk to work2. A walk that took the workers half of their day. The CSM causeway isRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economicRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPractices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢Read MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesagents that display, sell, or deliver the physical product or service(s) to the buyer or user. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 11 Objective: 3 Difficulty: Easy 96) The task environment of a firm consists of demographic, economic, natural, and technological environments, as well as the political-legal system and the social-cultural arena. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 11 Objective: 3 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 97) Regulation of industries has created greater competition and

Pro Terrorist Torture Free Essays

September 11, 2001, is a moment frozen in time. It was on this day that the world seemed to stop turning, and its course would never be the same again. It was the day of the largest organized attack on American citizens that took the lives of 2,976 innocent everyday people (attention grabber). We will write a custom essay sample on Pro Terrorist Torture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It not only destroyed buildings, it destroyed lives. Not only the innocent lives of the thousands murdered in the burning buildings were destroyed, but the lives of their families were destroyed, and their hearts became filled with hurt and loss. As a result of this unthinkable attack on our country, the lives of thousands of American Soldiers and their families would soon be affected as well The war that 9/11 spun Americans and the rest of the world into was not a regular war in a regular country with regular soldiers. This war was one in which our brave men and women took on a radical religious band of terrorists who hide in caves, hide behind women and children, and strap bombs to themselves just to harm and terrorize others. These people continue to threaten American safety and liberty each and every day and were responsible for the most bloodshed on American soil in a single act of war. These people want nothing more than to harm innocent people and their families and will stop at nothing to do so. So when these terrorists who wear no uniforms and claim no country are captured, some argue that they deserve to be treated humanely. The fact is, they have information that could save thousands of American lives. However, they are so passionate about their cause; such information is not easily obtained. Therefore, the United States has the right to torture prisoners of war (suspected terrorists) in order to acquire vital information that is required to protect our country and its citizens. Terrorists are not regular soldiers in a regular war. They do not even merit POW (prisoner of war) status as stated by the Geneva Convention passed by the United Nations and approved by the Supreme Court. Colin Powell stated that â€Å"bestowing POW status on detainees who do not meet the clear requirements of the Geneva Convention would undermine the rule of law giving equal protections and privileges to all combatants regardless to their respect to the law. † This is not a regular war because we are not fighting against a country; we are fighting religious extremists. Terrorists are not part of an organized military, have no uniforms, and do not represent a country or legitimate state, and therefore, are not protected nor deserved to be rotected under the Geneva Convention. Despite the agreed Geneva Convention, this nine-year war has resulted in different opinions on how protocol should be run halfway across the globe in our country. A very prominent issue between politicians today is the issue of torture. Torture sounds like a horrible word, and when spoken the thought of inhumane treatment, pain, and misery come to mind. But there are different forms and types of torture th at are not so cruel. The United States has been accused of using a form of torture on suspected terrorists known as stress and duress. But this form of torture is, as defined by the Supreme Court, neither inappropriate nor inhumane by any means. (establish credibility/ source #2, quote supreme court) â€Å"Stress and duress is a form of torture that includes: psychological and physical pressure on suspects through methods such as sleep deprivation, covering head with hood to cause disorientation, and pinning prisoners in uncomfortable positions for hours. † This is considered a form of torture. It is sad to think that American citizens who are more worried about being politically correct than the safety of our country and their friends and neighbors are speaking out against these insignificant pushes that soldiers perform on prisoners of war. Videos come out from Iraq and Afghanistan of terrorists slowly cutting off the heads of our brave men and women protecting freedom. It is odd to think that terrorists decapitate and inhumanely kill and murder our soldiers and there is fuss when our soldiers keep a terrorist with American blood on his hands deprived of sleep for a week. It is nice to know that our country still cares about and supports our men and women in uniform. As stated by a poll conducted by Rasmussen (source #3): â€Å"58% of U. S. voters say water boarding and other aggressive interrogation techniques should be used to gain information from the terrorist who attempted to bomb an airline on Christmas Day. † (Rasmussen) T hat means that over half of our nation supports interrogation methods that are more severe than the methods that others in this country are upset about. Also, the military is not torturing terrorists just to torture them because they do not like them or want revenge. Terrorists are being â€Å"tortured† for information such as future plots, hiding places, sources of weapons, etcetera that is needed to simply protect our men and women overseas and our citizens who call this great country home. Some opposition goes so far as to demand American rights for terrorists who want to kill Americans and who hate this country. A Counsel member for Human Rights Watch, Katherine Bierman, (cite source #4) is quoted saying â€Å"If you’re going to sentence them, there has to be a fair trial [this] amounts to nothing more extravagant than giving the defendant the chance to defend himself, not forcing him to incriminate himself and insuring he’s not tortured– the elements of what an ordinary citizen would consider a fair trial. † (quoted in Katel 6) There are many scary and utterly ridiculous elements in this quote. First, as established above, â€Å"torture† is not being used on suspected terrorists– they are using stress and duress to extract information. Secondly, terrorists openly express their hate for this country and say they are proud of their actions; none have incriminated themselves by nothing more than the truth. A terrorist is not going to bluntly admit to something he/she did not do, even if he was severely tortured which they are not. Government documentation, the definition of the word torture, and 58% of our nation can prove that. Not to mention, a trial is costly. To fly a terrorist to our country to have a so-called â€Å"fair trial† is ridiculous and costs the people of this nation hard earned money to have this man put on trial. Not only is it costly, but it brings him/her into the country that his leaders and fellow terrorists spilt blood in. It is not only ethically incorrect to pay American money for these terrorists to have American rights; it is unconstitutional to not give someone a fair trial. Can someone realistically say that a terrorist will receive a fair trial in the country he tried to commit terrorist acts against? What jury of American citizens would find this man innocent? What judge will set him free? And even if by some horrible miracle this murderer is set free- what happens to him? Does he freely walk our streets, or do our citizens spend yet more money to fly this man back home so he can go back to plotting against us? Finally these are not ordinary citizens, let alone even citizens. By no means does a foreign murderer against our citizens get the luxury of the rights he would have if he were a citizen. As stated by an American General Tommy Franks (source citation) , â€Å"I don’t want a soldier when he kicks down a door in a hut in Afghanistan searching for Osama bin Laden to have to worry about whether when he does so and questions the individuals he finds inside who may or may not be bin Laden’s body guards, or even the individual himself- he’s got to advise them of their rights before he takes a statement† (quoted in Katel 6). â€Å"If you are intentionally inflicting pain on someone, then you are torturing them period,† (Masci 5) Human Rights leaders declare. But the politically correct opposition fails to determine the definition of pain. Pain is defined in the dictionary as (source dictionary) â€Å"the acutely unpleasant physical discomfort experienced by somebody who is violently struck, injured, or ill. † When a linebacker sacks the quarterback in a football game and puts the quarterback out of the game for a little bit with a rolled ankle, did he torture him? Or when children are playing dodge ball at school and a child is given a bloody nose, did the child who threw it torture the other child? Absolutely not. My point? Torture is inhumane treatment that causes severe and sometimes permanent damage to another human being through psychological threats and physical beatings, not by sleep deprivation. There is a difference between torture and inhumane treatment. Causing someone stress or discomfort is not torture. Terrorists are a serious threat to our nation, citizens, beliefs, and safety. They do not deserve our rights, trials, and should be â€Å"tortured† by means of stress which is considered humane. The United States will not stoop to our enemy’s level and cruelly and brutally torture our prisoners of war. The time of war is not the time to be politically correct, but the time to take a step back and look at the big picture, the one in which our country has the right to freedom win the war on terror so the world will be a safer place. It is up to us to maintain and protect our freedom and safety. These are the facts, and these are the views of opinions from both sides of this fragile issue. Now you know, and it is important as American citizens to be informed and aware so we can elect people that will do the right thing in our eyes and defend freedom in the way you see it best. Works Cited Barber, Ben. â€Å"The POW Predicament. The American Legion. 1  Aug. 2002:  (pg 1). Career and Technical Education,  ProQuest. Canyon Ridge High School Library. 17 Feb. 2010. lt; http://proquest. umi. com Katel, Peter, and Kenneth Jost. â€Å"Treatment of Detainees. † CQ Researcher 16: 29 (25 Aug 2006): 673-696. (pg6) CQ Researcher Online. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David, and Patrick Marshall. â€Å"Civil Liberties in Wartime. † CQ Researcher 11: 43 (14 Dec 2001): 1017-1040. CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010 . Masci, David. â€Å"Torture. † CQ Researcher. 13: 15 (18 April 2003): 345-368. (pg 3, 4,5) CQ Researcher. 17 Feb. 2010. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003041800 How to cite Pro Terrorist Torture, Papers

Basic Electronics free essay sample

The p-n junction is a homojunction between a p-type and an n-type semiconductor. It acts as a diode, which can serve in electronics as a rectifier, logic gate, voltage regulator (Zener diode), switching or tuner (varactor diode); and in optoelectronics as a light-emitting diode (LED), laser diode, photodetector, or solar cell. In a relatively simplified view of semiconductor materials, we can envision a semiconductor as having two types of charge carriers-holes and free electrons which travel in opposite directions when the semiconductor is subject to an external electric field, giving rise to a net flow of current in the direction of the electric field. Figure 1 illustrates the concept. A p-n junction consists of a p-type and n-type section of the same semiconductor materials in metallurgical contact. The p-type region has an abundance of holes (majority carriers) and a few mobile electrons (minority carriers); the n-type region has an abundance of mobile electrons and a few holes (Fig. 2). Both charge carriers are in continuous random thermal motion in all directions. Fig. 2. Energy levels and carrier concentrations for a p-type and n-type semiconductor before contact. 1 When a section of p-type material and a section of n-type material are brought in contact to form a pn junction, a number of interesting properties arise. The pn junction forms the basis of the semiconductor diode. Electrons and holes diffuse from areas of high concentration toward areas of low concentration. Thus, electrons diffuse from the n-region to the p-region. , leaving behind positively charged ionized donor atoms. In the p-region the electrons recombine with the abundant holes. Similarly, holes diffuse from the p-region into the n-region, leaving behind negatively charged ionized acceptor atoms. In the n-region the holes recombine with the abundant mobile electrons. This diffusion process does not continue indefinitely, however, because it causes a disruption of the charge balance in the two regions. As a result, a narrow region on both sides of the junction becomes nearly depleted of the mobile charge carriers. This region is called the depletion layer. It contains only the fixed charges (positive ions on the n-side and negative ions on the p-side). The thickness of the depletion layer in each region is inversely proportional to the concentration of dopants in the region. The net effect is that, the depletion region sees a separation of charge, giving rise to an electric field pointing from the n side to the p side. The fixed charges create an electric field in the depletion layer that points from the n-side towards the p-side of the junction. The charge separation therefore causes a contact potential (also known as built-in potential) to exist at the junction. This built-in field obstructs the diffusion of further mobile carriers through the junction region. An equilibrium condition is established that results in a net contact potential difference Vo between the two sides of the depletion layer, with the n-side exhibiting a higher potential than the p-side. This contact potential is typically on the order of a few tenths of a volt and depends on the material (about 0. 5 to 0. 7 V for silicon). The built-in potential provides a lower potential energy for an electron on the n-side relative to the p-side. As a result, the energy bands bend as shown in Fig. 3. In thermal equilibrium there is only a single Fermi function for the entire structure so that the Fermi levels in the p- and the n-regions must align. No net current flows across the junction. The currents associated with the diffusion and built-in field (drift current) cancel for both the electrons and holes. Fig. 3. A p-n junction in the Thermal equilibrium at T gt; 0? K. The depletion-layer, energy-band diagram, and concentrations (on a logarithmic scale) of the mobile electrons n(x) and holes p(x) are shown as a functions of the position x. The built-in potential difference V corresponds to the energy eV where e is the electron charge. 0 0 2 The Biased p-n Junction An externally applied potential will alter the potential difference between the p- and n-regions. This in turn will modify the flow of majority carriers, so that the junction can be used as a â€Å"gate†. If the junction is forward biased by applying a positive voltage V to the p-region (Fig. 4), its potential is increased with respect to the n-region, so that an electric field is produced in a direction opposite to that of the built-in field. The presence of the external bias voltage causes a departure from equilibrium and a misalignment of the Fermi levels in the p- and n-regions, as well as in the depletion layer. The presence of the two Fermi levels in the depletion layer, Efc and Efv represents a state of quasi-equilibrium. Fig. 4. Energy band diagram and carrier concentrations for a forward-biased p-n junction. In effect, then, if one were to connect the two terminals of the p-n junction to form a closed circuit, two currents would be present. First, a small current, called reverse saturation current, is, exists because of the presence of the contact potential and the associated electric field. In addition, it also happens that holes and free electrons with sufficient thermal energy can cross the junction. This current across the junction flows opposite to the reverse saturation current and is called diffusion current. Of course, if a hole from the p side enters, it is quite likely that it will quickly recombine with one of the n-type carriers on the n side. (Fig. 4) The net effect of the forward bias is to reduce the height of the potential-energy hill by an amount eV. The majority carrier current turns out to increase by an exponential factor exp(eV/kT). So that the net current becomes i = isexp(eV/kT) – is, where is is nearly a constant. The excess majority carrier holes and electrons that enter the n and p regions, respectively, become minority carriers and recombine with the local majority carriers. To explain the mechanism of reverse conduction, one needs to visualize the phenomenon of avalanche breakdown. When a very large negative bias is applied to the p-n junction, sufficient energy is imparted to charge carriers that reverse current can flow, well beyond the normal reverse, saturation current. In addition, because of the large electric field, electrons are energized to such levels that if they collide with other charge carriers at a lower energy level, some of their energy is transferred to the carriers with low energy, 4 and these can now contribute to the reverse conduction process, as well. This process is called impact ionization. Now, these new carriers may also have enough energy to energize other lowenergy electrons by impact ionization, so that once a sufficiently high reverse bias is provided, this process of conduction takes place very much like an avalanche: a single electron can ionize several others. Fig. 6. The reverse breakdown region The phenomenon of Zener breakdown is related to avalanche breakdown. It is usually achieved by means of heavily doped regions in the neighbourhood of the metal-semiconductor junction (the ohmic contact) . The high density of charge carriers provides the means for a substantial reverse breakdown current to be sustained at a much lower specific voltage than normal diode, at a nearly constant reverse bias known as the Zener voltage, Vz. This phenomenon is very useful in applications where one would like to hold some load voltage constant for example, in voltage regulators. The response time of a p-n junction to a dynamic (ac) applied voltage is determined by solving the set of differential equations governing the processes of electrons and hole diffusion, drift (under the influence of the built-in and external electric fields), and recombination. These effects are important for determining the speed at which the diode can be operated. They may be conveniently modeled by two capacitances, a junction capacitance and diffusion capacitance, in parallel with an ideal diode. The junction capacitance for the time necessary to change the fixed positive and negative charges stored in the depletion layer when the applied voltage changes. The thickness l of the depletion layer turns out to be proportional to v(Vo-V); it therefore increases under the reverse-bias conditions (negative V) and decreases under the forward-bias conditions (positive V). The junction capacitance C=ЄA/l (where A is the area of the junction) is therefore inversely proportional to v(VoV). The junction capacitance of a reverse-biased diode is smaller (and the RC response time is therefore shorter) than that of a forward-biased diode. The dependence of C on V is used to make voltage-variable capacitors (varactors). 5 Experiment l(a) : i-v characteristics of a semiconductor diode Procedure Connect the diode according to the circuit diagram as shown in Fig. 8. Fig 8 Vary the voltage V on the power supply between 0-30V. Alternately, the second concept is that the blocking action of an inductor stops the a. c. portion while the d. c. portion passes without much attenuation. Note: For filtering, large capacitance (hundreds to tens of hundreds microfarad) is needed. These are generally electrolytic capacitors, which consist of a repeating sandwich of aluminum sheets and a conducting paste, rolled into a cylinder for miminmun size. The aluminum sheets are polarized to form thin layers of aluminum oxide, a dielectric insulating material. The thinner the the dielectric the higher the capacitance will be.

Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument Essay Example

Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument Essay In the essay â€Å"Slavery in Massachusetts† Thoreau explains weaknesses of slavery and underlines importance of antislavery legislations and equal rights. The style of Thoreau is marked by unique vision of reality and slavery, causes of the problem and possible solutions. It is possible to say that his class location and background had a great impact on his views and ideas expressed in this essay. The main argument is that compromise between the states is impossible because the North, including Massachusetts, was guilty in sufferings and hardship of black people supporting unjust laws and false social norms. The strength of Thoreau’s argument is that the North did nothing to abolish the slavery. He writes: â€Å"Every moment that she hesitated to set this man free, every moment that she now hesitates to atone for her crime, she is convicted† (Thoreau). Thoreau claims that a policy of silence can be seen as a crime which supports slavery and oppression. As the most important, Thoreau recognizes the role of the North in economic development of the nation and its impact on slavery. The other strength is recognition of unjust laws. He explains that segregation laws are unjust, and for this reason they should eliminated and abolished. These arguments are crucial for the essay because they explain principles and social rules of a free society. The author hints that it is hardly appropriate for a body of law ostensibly operating throughout the realm that it should be applied in different ways according to the vagaries of local custom or the personal preferences of judges. Also, he underlines that as principles of law became part of the common learning of the legal profession, their misapplication became so insupportable that procedures had to be devised to secure compliance and to resolve doubts. We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strength and Weakness of Thoreau’s Argument specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main weakness of the argument is that the North could not solve all the problems faced by African-Americans. The Southern states were also responsible for slavery exploiting millions of slaves in agriculture and mines. New factories needed more raw materials for production, and South planters were interested in bigger sown areas requiring more slaves. It was a well known fact that industry is influenced greatly by the agriculture, and the South. Another weakness is that Thoreau does not recognize role and importance of legislation and its impact on the institution of slavery: â€Å"the law will never make men free; it is men who have got to make the law free† (Thoreau). In reality, laws and legislation can make men free stipulating legal norms and social relations. He does not take into account that the Constitution grants the right to the populace, and no doubt that in society the main role is featured to democracy and liberty. Law of that kind is, in the first place, mor e akin to custom, in the sense that the rules provide guidance but may be diverged from with impunity in particular cases. Another weakness is that Thoreau diminishes the role of government and impact of ideology on society. He states: â€Å"A government which deliberately enacts injustice, and persists in it, will at length even become the laughing-stock of the world† (Thoreau). For the majority of whites, slavery was not seen as injustice and discrimination. In sum, the article illustrates slavery through the lens of social, legal and moral judgments. The main strengths of the arguments are that the North did nothing to abolish the slavery, the policy of silence worsened this problem, identification of unjust laws. The main weaknesses are that the North alone could not solve this problem, inadequate analysis of the role of the government and law marking. Works Cited Thoreau, H.D. n.d. Slavery in Massachusetts. 04 June 2007 http://www.4literature.net/Henry_David_Thoreau/Slavery_in_Massachusetts/

Free Essays on Colonials To Provincials

The conclusion that the author of a history book comes to is directly related to the point of view with which he or she undertakes the writing. Such is the case with Jon Butler’s Becoming America: The Revolution before 1776, and Ned C. Landsman’s From Colonials to Provincials: American Thought and Culture 1680-1760. Both authors are examining the same period of time, 1680 to 1760, and most likely looked at much of the same material while researching for their respective works. Yet the two authors come to two completely different conclusions. This paper will look at the similarities between the two books, but also the differences, which led the authors to their different conclusions. The first and most important similarity between these two books is that do deal with the same period of time 1680 to 1760. This is important to look at because of the separate conclusions that they have come to. Another similarity is that Butler and Landsman share is that they both look at the middle colonies consisting of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. This is somewhat different from many previous texts on this period, in that previous works often dealt with the New England colonies or Virginia. Both Butler and Landsman handle the issue of immigration to the colonies, however Butler and Landsman’s opinions on the effects of immigration on the colonies and colonial society differ from each other. While Butler and Landsman examined the same period and for the most part the same geographic location. The perspective with which each author viewed the material, contributed to the two arriving at such different conclusions. It will be easiest to examine the reasons for these differing conclusions by examining each individually. In Becoming America: The Revolution before 1776, Jon Butler has examined how Britain’s mainland colonies became the first modern society, by focusing on their Socio-Political and Economic transforma... Free Essays on Colonials To Provincials Free Essays on Colonials To Provincials The conclusion that the author of a history book comes to is directly related to the point of view with which he or she undertakes the writing. Such is the case with Jon Butler’s Becoming America: The Revolution before 1776, and Ned C. Landsman’s From Colonials to Provincials: American Thought and Culture 1680-1760. Both authors are examining the same period of time, 1680 to 1760, and most likely looked at much of the same material while researching for their respective works. Yet the two authors come to two completely different conclusions. This paper will look at the similarities between the two books, but also the differences, which led the authors to their different conclusions. The first and most important similarity between these two books is that do deal with the same period of time 1680 to 1760. This is important to look at because of the separate conclusions that they have come to. Another similarity is that Butler and Landsman share is that they both look at the middle colonies consisting of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. This is somewhat different from many previous texts on this period, in that previous works often dealt with the New England colonies or Virginia. Both Butler and Landsman handle the issue of immigration to the colonies, however Butler and Landsman’s opinions on the effects of immigration on the colonies and colonial society differ from each other. While Butler and Landsman examined the same period and for the most part the same geographic location. The perspective with which each author viewed the material, contributed to the two arriving at such different conclusions. It will be easiest to examine the reasons for these differing conclusions by examining each individually. In Becoming America: The Revolution before 1776, Jon Butler has examined how Britain’s mainland colonies became the first modern society, by focusing on their Socio-Political and Economic transforma...

5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names

5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names 5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names 5 Cases of Confusion Between Things and Their Names By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS feeds, short for ‘Really Simple Syndication.’ â€Å"RSS feeds† is not short for â€Å"Really Simple Syndication.† The sentence refers to RSS feeds and then explains what the initialism stands for, but the association of the spelled-out term with the initialism is confusing, so the additional information needs to be distinguished from the main point: â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS feeds. (RSS is short for ‘Really Simple Syndication.’)† More simply, the parenthesis could be introduced as here: â€Å"Users can choose from any website that offers RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds.† However, the information is not essential and is better introduced in a trailing parenthesis. Use your judgment according to the context of each case. 2. â€Å"This is a camera obscura, a Latin term that means ‘dark chamber.’† This sentence suffers from the same type of confusion as the previous example. A camera obscura is not a Latin term; it is a device with that Latin name (and though the origin of the name is Latin, the term, despite being taken from that language, is English). Revise the sentence to clarify both points: â€Å"This is a camera obscura, a device whose name, borrowed from Latin, means ‘dark chamber.’† 3. â€Å"The pre-emptive offer also a common term in corporate transactions is hardly new.† Here, the concept of the pre-emptive offer is being mistaken for the name of the concept. Again, word the interjection of information to clarify the distinction: â€Å"The strategy known as a pre-emptive offer that phrase is also a common term in corporate transactions is hardly new.† 4. â€Å"With his talkie debut, as British secret agent Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even bigger in sound films.† This sentence attempts to name both a character and a film in one designation, but as we all know from physics class, two phenomena cannot occupy the same space at the same time. Separate the reference to the title character from that of the film title: â€Å"With his talkie debut, as the titular British secret agent in Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even bigger in sound films.† 5. â€Å"John is a Wetland Watcher a moniker he wears with pride and satisfaction.† This sentence’s conflict of concept and name is not as jarring as in the previous examples, but the statement would nevertheless benefit from more of a separation of the two elements: â€Å"John is a Wetland Watcher, and that’s a moniker he bears with pride and satisfaction.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" "Owing to" vs "Due to"Shore It Up

Forest Labs Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forest Labs Case - Essay Example The new profits earned through the sales of Celexa were used by Solomon for the expansion of the company; he licensed several other drugs from pharmaceutical companies of Europe. However, Solomon has been accused of excessive marketing and the expansion of Forest is deemed as dangerous for other companies. Also, the profits made by Forest Labs over such a short span of time are unreasonable high. The previous year Solomon earned $8.3 million as the CEO of the company. However, it was found out that the Marketing Department had been marketing the earlier named antidepressants to adolescents and children, and that too illegally, although these drugs are not suitable for them. Hence, the Obama Administration decided to oust Howard Solomon from doing further business. Solomon agreed to pay a fine of $313 million for resolving the issue (Hooper and Henderson). In my opinion, the decision taken by the Government was ethical. This is because several pharmaceutical companies have been allege d of conducting business unethically in the past, but none of the charges or penalties levied against them seemed to have a deterrent effect on their business. Ousting a companies' CEO for conducting such activities should definitely bring out the desired effect as he would make efforts to correct the mal-practices prevalent in his company. There is always a counter argument which states that only ousting a CEO would not prevent the company from putting an end to its illegitimate practices; one should rather take a serious action against the entire marketing department which can directly be blamed for the offense. But, being the CEO of the company, the Government has full rights to hold Howard Solomon accountable for all the mal-practices going on within his company. The company shall also be fined a very heavy sum which is equivalent to the amount of sales made during the period of illegal marketing. But, I believe, the Government is justified in taking the step it took as it would serve as a starting ground and other CEOs whose companies are also indulged into such activities would learn lessons from it and would take action to stop any objectionable activities within them. By taking this decision, the Government is trying to send a message to the entire industry which, hopefully, would be heard by them. Also, there is a certain provision in the Federal Law that legitimizes the exclusion of an individual who has not been alleged of a crime. Hence, this action of the Government is in coherence with the American Law and thus, the Government cannot be questioned. By concealing negative case study about Celexa and by pushing sales representatives to pay illegal kickbacks to pediatricians, the senior executives of Forest Labs indeed proved to be highly culpable (Singer). Antidepressants can be highly lethal for adolescents and children. It is a belief that this is a cause of suicidal behavior in children and mental illnesses. This fact has been verified by the Fo od and Drug Administration (FDA). Among the various side effects that children experience due to such medications the common ones are feelings of sedation and weight gain, whilst some children may feel more energized with the intake of antidepressants. In short, antidepressants cause psychotic problems in children which are very harmful. Hence, I believe that

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Bullying - Essay Example The failure of people and adults to control bullying in the school grounds as well as in the virtual world is very surprising because education is supposed to be the key factor in preventing all of this, but at times even advocacy groups fail to reach out to the people. In general, technology has made it hard for law makers to keep an eye on everyone and keep a thorough check to prevent the act of bullying. The question in the end asked by many is how should one suppress this form of bullying that goes around and tackle the people who initiate the hate process. Unfortunately, there is no feasible tool as of now to deal with the issue because educating the perpetrators is still a gradual process and it will take a long time before elements of this sort can be eliminated and rooted out completely. It is surely a fact that cyberbullying does impact the psychologically vulnerable teenagers. The cyber world is a fast growing network where news travels fast and hence, if a flaw is found in someone’s reputation then it is bound to destroy the image they carry in their society. Cyberbullying is not under control and education plus awareness is the only way in which it can prevented. It is necessary to educate the mass population which includes teachers, parents and even students about the harm it causes to the psychological state of mind and how it has driven many towards suicidal

Virtue and Allah Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Allah Essay In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful, all praises are due to you O Allah; all thanks belong to you O Allah We thank you for all you have done in our life, we appreciate you, we adore you and we glorify your only name, O Allah! Guide us among those you have guided O Allah! Forgive us among those you have forgiven O Allah! Empower us among those you have empowered O Allah! Put your blessing on those things you endowed us with O Allah! We seek for your forgivement and turn away from sins O Allah! We have faith in you and we rely upon you O Allah! Bless us with good conduct that would take us near you O Allah! We have submitted ourselves to you, we are faithful to you, and upon you we rely. From you is our beginning and our protection. O Allah! Don’t put us to shame on the day we shall return to you. O Allah! Accept our Prayers and our Fasting, our Standing, Our bending and our Prostration. O Allah! Guide us against the hell fire O Allah! Make us an inmate of paradise O Allah! O Allah! O Allah! O Allah! The Everlasting, the Creator of Heaven and Earth’s, the most high, the most generous O Allah! Increase us in Knowledge and Understanding, make our Academics our friends, and make us graduate in flying colour O Allah! We beseech you against non – beneficial knowledge and hard heart that would always fear Allah O Allah! We implore you with a very useful Knowledge and pious heart and tongue that would be reciting in the of Allah and would always be thankful to Allah O Allah! Guide us against sudden death, accept our prayers, heal our sickness and welcome the death among us O Allah! Purify our sins as white cloth is purified from dirt O Allah! Purify us from our sins, remove our mistakes and take away our sorrows. Presents us with good things and gather for us the best of this world and hereafter. O Allah! Let us end our work with the most beautiful acts. O Allah! You are the forgiver, you like the reenters, please forgive us Suratul – Fathia By sodiq.

Divisive, But Effectual: Reinstating the Draft Essay -- Military Histo

Ever since World War II, the last war that garnered full American support, the percentage of American citizens enrolling in the U.S. Army has diminished significantly. The U.S. is a major military power in the present world; American soldiers are engaged in many multi-theater positions, consequently dispersing troops over various regions worldwide. As only one in ten citizens has served in the US Army, American knowledge of military conditions is rapidly lessening along with the national harmony that complements such knowledge. Therefore, the comprehension that American security is closely associated with a formidable military never resonated within the greater part of modern American citizens. Although antiwar activists may decry compulsory conscription as unconstitutional, it needs to be reinstated in order to solidify the meaning of being an American citizen, boost the economy by providing jobs, and unify the American people with enhanced homeland security. Generally, reinstating the Constitutional draft would solidify the meaning of being an American citizen. Often, wealthier and more privileged people are able to ask for exemption from serving, which makes representation of soldiers in combat composed of less-privileged citizens. With compulsory conscription, all American citizens, men or women, ages 18-26 are subject to be recruited for the armed forces. In fact, only 4 members of the 107th Congress who voted in favor of the Iraq war had children serving there. Politicians would know how it feels to have loved ones in a war, instead of freely speaking about wartime without experiencing it in any way. 1 (206) Moreover, Americans feel that public support for war in foreign countries is not strong because the soldiers fightin... ...CQ Researcher Outline, January 11, 1991. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1991011100 (accessed March 19, 2012). "Binding the Nation: National Service in America." U.S. Army War College, 2008. http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/Articles/08winter/grigsby.pdf (accessed March 12, 2012). â€Å"Learn about National Service." Americans for a National Service Act, . nationalserviceact.org (accessed March 19, 2012). Greenblatt, Alan. "Upward Mobility." CQ Researcher, April 29, 2005. http://www.cqpress.com/product/Researcher-Upward-Mobility-v15-16.html (accessed March 14, 2012). Farrell, Brenda S. "Military Personnel: Evaluation Methods Linked to Anticipated Outcomes Needed to Inform Decisions on Army Recruitment Incentives." U.S. Government Accountability Office, September 19, 2008. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-1037R (accessed March 19, 2012).

An assistant professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University says of her earlier years as autistic child

This term paper discusses autism in relation to nursing. Its aims are:   (1) to define autism and its causes, (2) to describe the process of evaluating if a child has autism, (3) to report abnormal findings observed among autistic patients, and (4) to describe appropriate treatments, including medical and nursing treatments, as well as prognosis and chances for recovery.What is Autism?I was 2  ½ years old when I began to show symptoms of autism; not talking, repetitious behavior, and tantrums. Not being able to communicate in words was a great frustration, so I screamed. Loud, high pitched noises hurt my ears like a dentist’s drill hitting a nerve. I would shut out the hurtful stimuli by rocking or staring at sand dribbling through my fingers (Grandin, 2002)Temple Grandin, one of the thousands of individuals with autism, described aptly what was happening to her then. It has been reported that autistic children and adults are lacking in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and leisure or play activities. It is hard for them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world.They exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or attachment to objects and resist any changes in routines. In some cases, aggressive or self-injurious behavior may be present (Autism Society of America, 2006).According to the Autism Society of America (2006), autism occurs in approximately 15 of every 10,000 individuals, four times more prevalent in boys than girls, and conservatively estimated that nearly 400,000 people in the United States have some form of autism.Autism is defined as a â€Å"complex childhood disorder that involves abnormal emotional, social and linguistic development â€Å"(Ball & Blinder, 1995).   It is a developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain (Autism Society of America).  Studies have shown abnormalities in different areas of the brain, including the cerebellum which participates in the execution of organized movements such as walking, running, eating, dressing and writing (Isaac, et al. 2005).The major brain structures implicated in autism are the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, brain stem, corpus callosum and cerebellum (Strock, 2004).   Many of these brain structures are responsible for higher mental functions, general movement, perception, behavioral reactions, speaking and other bodily functions.What causes autism?According to Jennifer Humphries (2000), the cause of autism remains unknown. It has been attributed to damage to the brain, but she said it is not conclusively proven.   She enumerated five factors cited by Frith (1989) that may be responsible for it, which are as follows: genetic or chromosomal abnormality, viral agents, metabolic disorders, immune intolerance and perinatal anoxia.Family studies show that autism is 50 times more frequent in the siblings of autistic people than in the general population. Siblings who are not autistic themselves show an increased incidence of other cognitive impairments.Infections like German measles (rubella) and herpes encephalitis may damage the brain during pregnancy and childhood.   Children with autism have shown elevated blood serotonin (a chemical in the brain) levels, although this is not specific to autism. It is postulated that there is delayed maturation in the central nervous system functioning (Isaac, et al, 2005).How is autism diagnosed?There is no specific universal diagnostic or laboratory test to detect autism. Diagnosis is often made by a psychiatrist using established criteria by the American Psychiatric Association (2000) which focus on communication skills, social interactions as well as repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior.Moreover, â€Å"clinicians can use behavioral observation instruments and ask parents and/or teachers to fill out behavior checklists (Hallahan and Kauffman, 2006).

Relationship between productivity and the cost of production Essay

What is the relationship between productivity and the cost of production? The relationship between productivity and the cost of production is your cost per day or per hour compared to your productivity. By examine these two things together. The productivity which is your output for the amount of hours worked compared to the total cost of a certain item – you will be able to reach a â€Å"break even analysis† showing you how much you need to a make minus the total coast to make a certain amount of money. Why is the demand of labor a derived demand? The request for labor is derivative from the production and demand for the item that is being demanded. If the demand for a particular item increases two things usually take place – Most likely the cost of the item will increase and the demand for manufacture labor will increase soon the equilibrium price and production numbers will meet What is the relationship between productivity and the wages earned by employees where you work or at an organization with which you are familiar? Usually but not in all cases, the more an employee produces the more valuable they are because they are adding value to the company but this is not always true and example would be a sweat shop . What are some factors that determine the level of your income? Explain your answer. A person’s level of education an example will be; someone with a Master’s degree with is valued more than someone with a high school diploma. A person’s special skill set will be in high demand due to the scarcity of being able to replace them and how long it took to gain the knowledge they have, an example would be a highly skilled brain surgeon. Also the amount of danger involved in doing a certain job, there are certain jobs that are extremely dangerous and not many people are willing to do them so the demand for the person who will do it would be high, example would be cleaning the windows of the Burj Khalifa building in Dubai. Describe an example you are familiar with in which a technological innovation led to an improvement in productivity. What was the effect on the cost of doing business or activity in which this technology was employed? How did this affect the prices of related inputs? There are many technology innovations which led to improved productivity but the one that stands out most in my mind would be the cell phone. Before cellphones people had to stay in touch through either a land line or a public phone. The cell phone made the need for both of these obsolete. When cell phones first came out they were very expensive and only a select few had them, today people change cell phones due to the low cost, like they buy a new pair of sneakers. Today’s cell phones are like mini computers, they give sales men, business deals, and anyone else constant access to information and to one another, this alone raises productivity.

Water Chemistry Definition and Properties

Water Chemistry Definition and Properties Of all the molecules in the universe, the one most important to humanity is water: Water Definition Water is a chemical compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The name water typically refers to the liquid state of the compound. The solid phase is known as ice and gas phase is called steam. Under certain conditions, water also forms a supercritical fluid. Other Names for Water The IUPAC name for water is, actually, water. The alternative name is oxidane. The name oxidane is only used in chemistry as the mononuclear parent hydride to name derivatives of water. Other names for water include: Dihydrogen monoxide or DHMOHydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH)H2OHydrogen monoxideDihydrogen oxideHydric acidHydrohydroxic acidHydrolHydrogen oxideThe polarized form of water, H OH-, is called hydron hyroxide. The word water comes from the Old English word wà ¦ter  or from the Proto-Germanic watar or German Wasser. All of these words mean water or wet. Important Water Facts Water is the main compound found in living organisms. Approximately 62 percent of the human body is water.In its liquid form, water is transparent and nearly colorless. Large volumes of liquid water and ice are blue. The reason for the blue color is the weak absorption of light at the red end of the visible spectrum.Pure water is flavorless and odorless.About 71 percent of the Earths surface is covered by water. Breaking it down, 96.5 percent of the water in the Earths crust is found in oceans, 1.7 percent in ice caps and glaciers, 1.7 percent in ground water, a small fraction in rivers and lakes, and 0.001 percent in clouds, water vapor, and precipitation.Only about 2.5 percent of the Earths water is fresh water. Nearly all of that water (98.8 percent) is in ice and ground water.Water is the third most abundant molecule in the universe, after hydrogen gas (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO).The chemical bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds. Water readily forms hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. One water molecule may participate in a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with other species. Water has an extraordinarily high specific heat capacity [4.1814 J/(g ·K) at 25  Ã‚ °C] and also a high heat of vaporization [40.65  kJ/mol or 2257  kJ/kg at the normal boiling point]. Both of these properties are a result of hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules.Water is nearly transparent to visible light and the regions of the ultraviolet and infrared spectrum near the visible range. The molecule absorbs infrared light, ultraviolet light, and microwave radiation.Water is an excellent solvent because of its polarity and high dielectric constant. Polar and ionic substances dissolve well in water, including acids, alcohols, and many salts.Water displays capillary action because of its strong adhesive and cohesive forces.Hydrogen bonding between water molecules also gives it high surface tension. This is the reason why small animals and insects can walk on water.Pure water is an electrical insulator. However, even deionized water contains ions because water unde rgoes auto-ionization. Most water contains trace amounts of solute. Often the solute is salt, which dissociates into ions and increases the conductivity of water. The density of water is about 1 gram per cubic centimeter. Regular ice is less dense than water and floats on it. Very few other substances exhibit this behavior. Paraffin and silica are other examples of substances that form lighter solids than liquids.The molar mass of water is  18.01528  g/mol.The melting point of water is  0.00  Ã‚ °C (32.00  Ã‚ °F; 273.15  K). Note the melting and freezing points of water may be different from each other. Water readily undergoes supercooling. It can remain in liquid state well below its melting point.The boiling point of water is  99.98  Ã‚ °C (211.96  Ã‚ °F; 373.13  K).Water is amphoteric. In other words, it can act as both and acid and as a base. References Braun, Charles L.; Smirnov, Sergei N. (1993-08-01). Why is water blue?. Journal of Chemical Education. 70 (8): 612.  Gleick, P.H., ed. (1993). Water in Crisis: A Guide to the Worlds Freshwater Resources. Oxford University Press.Water in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD).

Famous Proverbs Shared From Around the World

Famous Proverbs Shared From Around the World Proverbs are usually concise  phrases that give advice or state a truism. Proverbs can sound deep and wise, but it is the cultural context of proverbs that lend them meaning. Without context, these proverbs must be interpreted in light of your own personal experience. Proverbs have been part of human culture for thousands of years. Some of those from China, Africa, and the Middle East, for example, were first coined long before the Roman Empire. Some proverbs from other countries may sound familiar to you. It is common for countries to have their own versions of a proverb. For example, the Dutch proverb Do not wake sleeping dogs appears in the U.S. as Let sleeping dogs lie. They mean the same thing. Here is a collection of famous proverbs from around the world. African Proverbs A kings child is a slave elsewhere. What forgets is the  ax, but the tree that has been axed will never forget. It is no shame at all to work for money.   A loose tooth will not rest until its pulled out.   He who digs too deep for a  fish  may come out with a snake.   The path is made by walking. Australian Proverbs None are so deaf as those who would not hear. Once bitten, twice shy. Dont count your chickens before theyre hatched. A bad worker blames his tools. In the planting season, visitors come singly, and in harvest time they come in crowds. Egyptian Proverbs We tell them it is a bull, they say milk it. Go far, youll be loved more. Do a good deed and throw it into the sea. Time never gets tired of running. Bulgarian Proverbs Tell me who your friends are, so I can tell you who you are. The wolf has a thick  neck  because he does his job on his own.   Measure thrice, cut once.   Help yourself to help God help you.   Chinese Proverbs If youre poor, change and youll succeed. Big fish eat small fish. No one knows a son better than the father.   No shame in asking questions, even to people of lower status. Croatian Proverbs The way it came is the way it will go. Hasten slowly.   All thats well lasts  short.   Dutch Proverbs Cost goes before the profit. Do not wake sleeping dogs. Every little pot has a fitting lid. Think before acting; and whilst acting, still think. English Proverbs When the going gets tough, the tough get going. The pen is mightier than the sword. The squeaky wheel gets the grease. No man is an island. People who live in glass houses shouldnt throw stones. Better late than never. Two wrongs dont make a right. German Proverbs He who rests grows rusty. Starting is easy, persistence is an art. The cheapest is always the most expensive. Make haste with leisure. Hungarian Proverb Who is curious gets old quickly. Russian Proverbs Draw not your bow till your arrow is fixed. When the rich make war, its the poor that die. When the cat is away, the mice will play. Many hands make light work. Be swift to hear, slow to speak.

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Reaction paper - Essay Example American opposition argued that those people who had stay in Britain already for a long period of time had adequate understanding of states’ needs. Thus, in Article I Section 2 of the Constitution the attention is paid on defining candidates who are permitted to be elected to represent American states in the Congress (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Special Section 4 is devoted to local elections of state senators to be sure there are actual representatives of a public will on all levels of governmental hierarchy (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Another important consern of the pre-revolutionary time was a question of taxation. It embodied American opposition’s general worries that laws and obligations for colonial citizens are established only by up-high authority, the British monarchy, without considering American point of view. Thus, to prevent a monarchy-like governmental system in future, and instead, to establish a democratic federative union, Section 7 and Section 8 in Article I correspondently regulate the law making powers of U.S. President and determines powers which the Congress shall have (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Also with a view of a recent relief from the British patronage, Article IV Section 3 proclaims the Congress’ control and ban of a new state formation and any other unions’ formation (â€Å"Transcript of Constitution†). Thus, despite the social and political uncertainty, which according to J. J. Ellis, â€Å"was the dominant mood at that moment†, the Constitution points were quite logical with a view of timely national concerns (Ellis 9). Even the most argued and critiqued nowadays law on â€Å"keeping and bearing arms† was historically reasoned (â€Å"Transcript of Bill of Rights†). The fact was that in pre-revolutionary time America experienced a military presentence of British contingent which represented a militia, and American